Saturday, December 28, 2019

International Marketing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2522 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Did you like this example? INTERNATIONAL MARKETING Assignment set 1 Q: 1 Explain the different economic indicators which give us the idea of the economic condition of the country in brief. The economic condition can be measured with the help of some economic indicators. These are the variables designed to predict changes in the business cycle. The size of population He larger the population, larger will be the market. The population of a country changes because of the three factors listed below: 1) Birth rate. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "International Marketing" essay for you Create order 2) Death rate. 3) Migration in and out of the country The distribution of population is an important aspect of forecasting the demand of the product and is helpful in market segmentation decisions. Different age groups will have different demands and population density is a good pointer of market attractiveness. Level of income and its distribution: The income level is usually represented by Gross national product (GNP) or Gross Domestic product (GDP). GDP: it is the aggregate of the total output of goods and services by a country during a financial year. GNP: GDP plus the income from abroad. World Bank has classified countries by their per capita income in the following categories: Low income countries US $ 875 or less. Middle income countries US $ 876-10725. High income countries US $ 10,726 or above. Another way of classifying countries according tots economic activity can be: Less developed countries, Pre-industrial countries, Developing countries, i ndustrialized countries, advanced countries. the study of population helps in making market segments and accordingly the company can cater to the demands of both high and low price versions of the same product in the same country. Market structure: To evaluate the economic condition of a country, we must know the structure of the market. The main classifications are: 1.Perfect competition The main characteristics of this market are: Lots of producers and consumers. Identical products. Price is set by the market forces (demand and supply). Willingness to pay. Monopolistic competition Monopolistic competition is more realistic condition than perfect competition. Main characteristics of this market are: Large number of firms producing slightly differentiated products. Sole producer of a particular product so is a monopolist of that product/brand. The differentiation is only from the point of view of buyers. Each firm has some degree of control over prices. Buyers become loyal to the product/brand. New firms are free to enter the market. Oligopoly Main characteristics of this market are: Few firms having similar or different products. Each firm has some degree of control over price. Reaction of rivals is very important. Interdependence of behavior in case of oligopoly. New entry is difficult. Stages of business cycle Prosperity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" boom à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" decline à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" depression à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" recovery Consumption pattern: Consumption means final purchase of the goods and services by the individuals Inflation Inflation is defined as a general increase in the level of prices. When the level of prices are high in a country companies might not find it beneficial to sell its products as the purchasing power of individuals reduces as the real income reduces. Accessibility to human resources: The abundance of human resource makes the manufacturing process easy and lowers the cost of production. To understand the nuances of the business in the host country, the company prefers to recruit the local skilled or semi-skilled labor. That is why the company looks at this factor while analyzing the economic environment of the host country. Infrastructure: The importance of infrastructure needs no emphasis. For the functioning of the company, road and rail connection, telecommunication facilities, power supply and so on is required. A support infrastructure is a precondition for the development of any industry. The companies must assess the availability of infrastructure of the host country. Q: 2 Write short notes on: Arbitration b) FDI Arbitration Arbitration is a technique of dispute resolution in international commercial transactions, or outside the court .it is that techniquie in which the third party reviews the evidences and impose decision. It is most commonly used in matters such as consumers and empolyments.it is faster and cost effective process. Some of the benefits of arbitration may be as follow: It limits the dispute and associated libilities because most legal systems there are very limited avenues for for appeal of an arbitral award. In judicial proceedings the official language of the country is automatically applied where as in arbitral priceedings any language may be used. Arbitration awards are generallu easier than judicial awards. Arbitration is often faster than litigation in court It is more flexible and cheaper for businesses. Arbitral awards and proceedings are generally made confidential and non-public. Arbitrators with appropriate degrees are appointed when the subject ,atter of the dispute is highly technical. Exclusionary rules of evidence donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t apply; everything can come into evidence so long as relevant and non-cumulative. There is less exposure to punitive damages and run away juries from defense point of view The fact of finality of arbitration awards that normally there is no right of appeal to the courts to change the award. FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) foreign direct investment, a company directly invests in another country to make or market an entity in a foreign country. The investing company may make investment in a number of ways in overseas by setting up associated or subsidiary company in foreign country by joint venture, mergers or shares of a foreign company. Foreign direct investment is passive investment such as stock and bonds in contrast to portfolio investment. Brown field strategy is one form in which the company aspiring to go international decides to invest in an existing company in a suitable location/country. That existing company has most of the infrastructure, but the technology involved may be obsolete, present operating capacity may far less than the installed capacity and also may be in need of funds for modernization and increase production. The second form of market entry strategy is through green field investment, where a new unit is established after creating all th e required infrastructure and permission from the local government. Q:3 What are the issues related channel decisions in international marketing? Most producers rarely sell their goods directly to the final consumers. Most often producers rely on a marketing channel which comprise of a host of marketing intermediaries performing a variety of functions and bearing a variety of names. One of the most crucial decisions facing management is marketing-channel decisions. All the other marketing decisions are very closely affected by the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s selected channels. 1-Relatively long-term commitments to other businesses are involved in a companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s channel decisions. 2-There is also a powerful inertial tendency in channel arrangements 3-The scope of distribution channels extends beyond simple convenience to include impacting the productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s meaning. Effectiveness of international distribution channels: The Five Cà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Framework can be used by international marketers to determine the effectiveness of their international distribution channels: Coverage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Ability of channel to connect with targeted customers to accomplish market share and growth objectives. Character à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Congruence of channel with the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s sought after product positioning. Continuity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The channel loyalty to the company. Control à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The ability of the company to control the whole marketing program for the product or service. Cost à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The investment needed to set up and maintain the channel- variable associated with sales level. Fixed costs needed to manage the channel: training of sales force, facilities and inventories. Control over distribution: 1-There is a global trend toward shorter distribution channels and closer links, if not direct relationships, with those active participants in the channe l. 2-It is the view of some that the sole way to internationalise is to navigate closer and closer to complete control by means of totally owned subsidiary. This however is a fairly incorrect one. 3-First, we have to consider Industry characteristics, the value-addition of the business and what the consumers really desire are to be first considered. Secondly, close control through a commission agent or joint venture is often possible. Control and ownership should not be directly equated. Q:4 What are the different strategies adopted by the marketer while fixing the price for the product? Different strategies are adopted by the marketers while fixing the price for the product and these strategies need to be monitored and reviewed at regular intervals. Cost based pricing or Cost plus pricing: This is the most common method of pricing followed by the marketers. Price = [Fixed costs + Variable costs + Overheads + Marketing costs] + specified percentage of the total cos ts (representing the profit portion) Market Oriented Pricing method is highly flexible and provides for prices to be changed in tune with changes in the market conditions. This method is also referred to as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"what the traffic will bear methodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Following competitors Following the leaders is a common trend seen in every field of activity in our daily lives. Similarly, even in the case of fixing prices, many firms simply follow the dominant competitors. These dominant competitors are also called as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"price leadersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Three alternative ways of following the competitor: Fixing the price at the same level as that of the competitor Fixing a lower price than the one fixed by the competitor Fixing a price which is higher than that of the competitorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Negotiated prices This method is commonly adopted when dealing with powerful buyers who buy in large quantity, for example, Governments and institutions. Customer determined price In case of international marketing, often, the foreign buyer indicates the price at which he is prepared to buy the product. By virtue of this, the seller is pre-empted from quoting his price. Break-even pricing For any marketer, there is a particular point in his business game where he is able to cover all the expenses incurred by him but he is not able to earn any profit from the activity he is pursuing. Break-even price à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the price for a given level of output at which there is neither any loss nor profit. Break-even point à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" popularly called BEP, this is the point or the level of sales at which the total revenue will exactly equal the total cost. Margin of safety à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the difference between the BEP and the expected capacity utilization is known as the margin of safety. Margin of safety = expected capacity utilization à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" break-even point From the above we can interpret: a) Lower the BEP, higher the chance of the project making profit b) Lower the BEP, higher the margin of safety c) If the BEP is very high, the risk will also be very high. Marginal Cost Pricing This approach is more suitable in evaluating and analyzing the profitability of the new orders in case of firms with idle capacity i.e., the firm is not utilizing its installed optimally. Creative Pricing Creative pricing is a concept derived from the marginal costing approach. Creative pricing approach advocates tapping the advantage of the flexibility between the lower limit of break-even price and the upper limit of the competitorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s price for a similar product. If the marginal cost is very less when compared to the price of the competitor, there is leverage to the exporter to adopt aggressive pricing policies in case of export order. Q: 5 what is personal selling? Explain with reasons why local nationals are preferred as sales per sonnel in international marketing? Delivery of a specially designed message to a prospect by a seller, usually in the form of face-to-face communication, personal correspondence, or a personal telephone conversation. According to Stanton, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“personal selling is the personal communication of information to persuade prospective customer to buy something à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a product, service, idea or something else. This is in contrast to the mass, impersonal communication of advertising, sales promotion and or other promotional toolsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Advantages Personal selling is one of the most effective way of marketing communication. It also helps to overcome the marketing barriers in few cases. 1) A side benefit for your business is the opportunity to gain market research from this personal contact. You can gain knowledge about what your potential clients really think, what your competitors are up to and what is currently missing from the marketplace off erings 2) On account of the personal touch, the marketer is in a position to get meaningful feedback, suggestions for improvement and redress the complaints and grievances promptly. 3) Personal selling is highly flexible as the marketer can develop specific plans to handle every customer. 4) It is highly cost-effective especially for the small marketers with limited resources at their disposal. 5) Personal selling is an effective and fast track approach to convert inquiry into sales. 6) Opportunity to build a stronger long-term relationship. Personal contact will encourage loyalty 7) Try before you buy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" depending on your product/service, potential clients may be able to trial the product/services before actually purchasing. Advantages of using local nationals International business firms need to engage the services of expert sales force as a first step in managing personal selling. While recruiting marketing and sales personnel going to hand le a particular foreign market, Local market need to be appointed. However, if in a foreign market, third country nationals are likely to succeed in personal selling, third country personnel can also be engaged. With the growth in international marketing, it is anyway ideal to use local nationals for the purpose of personal selling. English being the internationally accepted language, sales person so selected need to have good spoken English to enable them to translate the objectives of the business firm into a profitable venture. For example the sale of certain consumer goods like vacuum cleaner (Eureka Forbes) and water purifiers (Aqua guard) through personal selling is very effective. The sales personnel are reaching the ultimate users and persuading them to purchase the goods explaining the technology and long- term advantages to the households. They also convey the disadvantages to the households if the particular consumer goods are not used in terms of inability to provi de pure drinking water and maintaining the houses clean. Q: 6 discuss the advantages of direct and indirect exporting. Advantages of direct exporting In direct export eliminating intermediaries increases the potential profit In direct marketing you have greater flexibility to improve or redirect your marketing efforts as your business develops in foreign ,market Marketplace is better understood You can present yourself fully committed and engaged in t he export process Fast and direct feedback by customers are provided to you for your product and performance You know whom to contact if something isnt working Better protection for trademarks, patents and copyrights are provided. Better communication with the customers is available for more effective and efficient performance and product. Awareness of customers is increased. Transactions take place over greater control. Advantages if indirect exporting It does not require any market expertise Concentration of resources towards production It provides a path to enter foreign markets without the complexities Little or no financial commitment as the clients exports usually covers most expenses associated with international sales. Low risk exists for companies who consider their domestic market to be more important and for companies that are still developing their RD, marketing, and sales strategies. Export management is outsourced, alleviating pressure from management team In indirect exporting company can start exporting with no incremental investment in fixed capital, low start-up costs and few market risks but with prospects for incremental sales.

Friday, December 20, 2019

Teen Behavior in Romeo and Juliet - 1736 Words

Phu Nguyen Ms. Leang English 1, Period 5 19 March 2015 Teen Behaviors in Romeo and Juliet Many teenagers make bad decisions, and act in a way most adult would say is unintelligent. Romeo and Juliet was a story about two feuding families with the same wealth living in Verona. After a big fight Prince Escalus tells them that if there is another fight they will be killed. Later that night Romeo meets Juliet at her father’s party and they both fall in love, after the party Romeo talks with Juliet about getting married and she agrees to have the wedding the very next day. After the wedding the two families get into another fight. Due to the fight Mercutio and Tybalt gets killed. Romeo who was also fighting was sentenced to banishment even†¦show more content†¦57). This shows that teens are rebellious because they will want to try to make the parent stop bothering them by doing the opposite. Teens don’t only rebel against parents the may disobey older relatives too. An example of this is when Tybalt argues with Lord Capulet: â€Å"TYB: It fits, when suc h a villain is a guest: / I’ll not endure him. / CAP: He shall be endured: / What goodman, boy! I say, he shall: go to; / Am I the master here, or you? go to. / You’ll not endure him! God shall mend my soul, / You’ll make a mutiny among my guest! / You will set cock-a-hoop! you’ll be the man! / TYB: Why, uncle, ‘tis a shame.†(1.5.76-84). This shows how Tybalt was being rebellious because he was trying to fight with Romeo but, when he gets told no by Lord Capulet he still argues with his uncle. A number of teens may argue with their parents when they are told to not do something in hope of changing the parent’s mind. Another example of this is showed when Juliet argues with her parents: â€Å"CAP: †¦But fettle your fine joints ‘gainst Thursday next, / To go with Paris to Saint Peter’s Church, / Or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither, / †¦. / JUL: Good father, I beseech you on my knees, / Hear me with patience bu t to speak a word.† (3.5.157-163). This shows that Juliet is defying her parent’s wishes because she is arguing against her dad when he told her that she has to marry Paris. AdolescentsShow MoreRelatedRomeo And Juliet 9th Grade Analysis749 Words   |  3 PagesThe Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet in Ninth Grade Everyone knows the story: amidst the fighting of two families, a girl meets the guy of her dreams, within a day they are married and, later, they kill themselves. Some people believe that Romeo and Juliet promotes unacceptable behavior in teens; however, it is a very important part of the ninth grade language arts education because it has global influence and teaches lessons to people. Shakespeare has a significant influence that has spread around theRead MoreGood Parenting Equals Good Karma879 Words   |  3 Pages peer pressure, and the environment they live in. Having a busy lifestyle and mixed emotions can lead to teenagers making rushed decisions without reflecting upon them. For example, teenagers develop fast and that can have a negative effect: â€Å"The teen years are a time of rapid growth, exploration, and risk taking. Taking risks provides young people the opportunity to test their skills and abilities and discover who they are. But, some risks—such as smoking, using drugs, drinking and driving, andRead MoreImpulsive Decisions In Romeo And Juliet972 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore they make a risky or impulsive decision. In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, he illustrates that adolescents show impulsivity, decision making, and risk taking. Firstly, in The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, he illustrates that adolescents show impulsivity. In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet , Juliet cries â€Å" Give me, give me ! O, tell me not of fear†(4.1.124). This illustrates that Juliet isn’t taking into consideration the risks of her taking theRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Critical Analysis943 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Violent Delights Have Violent Ends† Romeo and Juliet is known as the greatest love story of all time. It is still the most popularly taught book in high school even though it is now 420 years old. Why is that? Authors have been writing and composing marvelous stories for generations. Why is it that Romeo and Juliet is one of the select few that have withstood the test of time? It has survived the ages, not because it is â€Å"timeless†, but because it is relatable on almost every level possible. Read MoreRomeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Essay566 Words   |  3 Pagesyesterday? Most likely no, people change all the time they grow up and mature. If you have ever heard of the story of Romeo and Juliet you know it’s not the happiest of stories. As soon as Romeo and Juliet meet you can see that Juliet’s character shapes and develops more when she is around Romeo, but is this for the better, Did Juliet falling in love cause her to draw away from her family? Juliet is a sweet obedient young girl who has been taken care of by her nurse all her life. In the beginning of theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1478 Words   |  6 Pagesviolent commotion between the two lovers, Romeo and Juliet, finally bring peace to their feuding families, with their own death. Like with many suicide cases, there are challenges and decisions being made that lead up to this decision. Often times, we question who contributed to the suicide. Regardless, others argue that Romeo and Juliet should be held accountable for their ultimate decision. Then again, there is no definite reason to assign fault to Romeo and Juliet. Not only are their brains not fullyRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Parental Control Essay1713 Words   |  7 PagesWhat would the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet be if Romeo and Juliet were only a few ages older and not teens? Well, there are a conglomerate of possibilities starting with their impulse control, if Romeo and Juliet met when th ey were, at the very least, twenty-five they may have not acted as impulsive as they did. Maybe Romeo wouldn’t have kissed Juliet during their first meeting and instead would have courted her. Or maybe if Romeo didn’t propose on their second meeting they could have had a longRead MoreA Real Love Story In Shakespeares Romeo And Juliet1257 Words   |  6 Pageshave to date but ideally not at a young age. By developing relationships in one’s adolescent years it can be taxing on a teen instead of lighthearted. As shown in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet teenagers can have their impulses that naturally occur push them to make rash and illogical decisions, such as committing suicide. In the play Juliet who is a mere thirteen years old, and Romeo, who appears to be around seventeen years of age, fall in love. Their love is shown to be one of the most romantic loveRead MoreUnconditional Love In Romeo And Juliet938 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s traged y, Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare creates a story based on a pair of star-crossed lovers and how their irrational thinking and their unconditional love for one another results in their marriage after only one day of knowing each other, as well as a devastating tragedy at the end. Set in Verona, Italy, the rivalry of two families, the Capulets and the Montagues, causes tension between the families and the love between Romeo, who is a Montague, and his lover Juliet, who is a Capulet.Read MoreRomeo and Juliet Business Letter716 Words   |  3 PagesAria Court Verona, Italy 54784 Dear Lord Capulet: My name is ______ and the reason I am writing to you today is to inform you of the various possibilities to why perhaps Romeo and Juliet were rebellious and made unwise decisions while in love. Throughout the past decade, money has been put into research on the teen brain, and the way it performs its functions during the teenage years of growth. Fortunately to our luck, the world has made many advances in science and technology that we are

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Which Is More Important Education or Money free essay sample

Money in today’s world is that gem which can get one to their salvation but the greed that it brings upon one is vary dangerous. To use money in the wisest way would be the greatest deed. Education on the other hand, provides moral knowledge to people, which help them to learn from their past and act well in the present and future. It helps them control the greed and abstains them from trampling. But nothing in this immoral world is free, like wise even education always come at a cost. The better education one wants to receive the costlier it gets. Money is much more important than education in today’s world because education itself requires a lot of money and without money receiving education would be impossible. One can be educated but without proper jobs and earnings, she can still starve to death; but if she has money then she always has a place on this earth. We will write a custom essay sample on Which Is More Important Education or Money? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The basic need of life, i. e. food, is as close as impossible to obtain without money. Famine through poverty is likely to be face without money. The other basic needs, shelter and clothing is more impossible to have without money. Much money is spent on research and other scientific programs where money plays the key role. Only those rich countries, which can afford these facilities, get the best research centers where as the third world countries, no matter how intelligent people it has, it still thrives to provide basic education to its people. Who said money cannot buy happiness? In this generation a person with a master’s degree can be riding rickshaw for their livelihood where as a person without good education is a billionaire. To compare them it is obvious to be noticed that the billionaire is having much more happier luxurious life where as the rickshaw person sweating all day just to provide enough food for himself and his family. Rich people always get the best of everything, not the most educated. For example if a well-educated doctor is suffering through piles, he has the potential of being completely cured, but due to lack of money his treatment will be unfeasible and this may even lead to his death. If the same person was rich he could hire best of the best doctors for his treatment and could be completely cured. Education is one of the important factors of life too. It enhances our daily lifestyle and makes our living easier. The advancement in the technology and the invention of new gadgets are all-possible through good knowledge, i. e. education. Good knowledge will always help one find the better path in life. It will help differentiate between the virtues and deprave. But no matter how much the thrust of education is upon one, if they are given a poor financial condition, they can never receive good education. Today’s world revolves around money. Money can get you the best education, the best health care and the best mansion one ever longed for. If there is money they can fly to every country they want, they can do what ever they want. The richest always get the first priority in the world. Money provides the independence in an individual, which no other source can. Being free of financial depts. will lead to the individuality. Money is that quintessential thing without which living is left incomplete and ruthless.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Management Leadership For Administrators -Myassignmenthelp.COm

Question: Discuss About The Management Leadership For Administrators? Answer: Introduction Patient engagement in their care and healthcare decision-making is one of the most important ways by which they can be empowered and their satisfaction can be increased. This would include maintaining a culture in the healthcare organization that will prioritize and support patients engagement. This can be ensured by establishing an active collaboration between patients and healthcare providers through designing, managing and achieving positive health outcomes (Graffigna Barello, 2015). This would involve maintaining their autonomy and dignity of the patients and including their wishes, cultural inhibitions, preferences while making care plans. This would also involve the patients skills, knowledge, capability and willingness to effectively incorporate their ideas and make themselves an active member in their healthcare decision making and also while designing their care. Patients meaningful participation and involvement in decision-making will make them highly pleased and satisfied helping in establishing trust and credibility and reducing anxiety and stress (Cene et al., 2016). Patient education: Patient education comprises of two important parts. The first part is the planned, logical as well as systematic procedure of teaching and learning which helps to make the patients learn about the their treatment procedures and providing them with information about what the treatment involves before and after. The second component mainly involves focusing on the wellness, prevention as well as health promotion that will prevent the patients and their families from getting affected again by the disorders (Coppola et al., 2016). This procedure ensures better health outcomes as the patients become fully aware of their condition. They learn to identify the risks and understand ways how to avoid any unhealthy behaviors. They also get to know the different habits that they should adapt to have healthy living. They become more responsible as they learn the procedures of improving their health conditions. This reduces chances of patient readmissions or poor quality lives. Reflection: The first step that I can take in order to ensure the above mentioned procedures of patient engagement in my practice is developing effective partnership. As a nurse, I would be stressing on developing trust among the patients and try to create relationships where both the parties are working together towards a common objective. I should effectively engage with them by using proper communication skills and solve their questions and concerns making them participate in decision-making. I would try to establish the partnership based on respecting patients dignity and autonomy emphasizing on ethics, confidentiality, trust and privacy. I should properly educate patients in simple language without using any jargons so that they can easily understand the different initiatives that they should take to be healthy. I would try to take effective feedback from the patients in order to understand that whether they are able to understand the different instructions and guidelines they had to follow . The answers of the patients will help me to know whether I have successfully been able to engage them and educate them about their care. Quality and Safety standards: One of the ten important standard of the National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards (2012) is the standard 10. It is called the preventing falls and Harm from fall Standards. With the growing population of the aged individuals in the nation due to improved medical science. However, the incidence of fall is seen to increase as population gradually ages towards 70 and above. More than 50% of the patients admitted to nursing homes, community care centers or in residential areas are seen to have suffered a fall at latest once during their course of stays in the healthcare centers (Lopez et al., 2015). Often inappropriate assessments of the risks of falls for the vulnerable patients, improper handling of the patients while assisting them in the daily activities, transferring them from beds and many others exposes the patients to falls. Therefore, healthcare professionals should be careful while caring for such vulnerable patients so that accidents do not take place. Effects if nurses do not take proper interventions: Falls not only threatens the independence of elderly individuals but also initiates a cascade of both socio-economic and individual consequences. Falls result in injury as well as readmissions or longer stays at hospitals (Soto-Varella et al., 2015). It also results in institutionalization as well as decrease in the physical functions. Loss of independence makes them suffer form anxiety, depression and similar other mental instabilities. Moreover, physical injuries that associate falls are fractures, intracranial bleeding, lacerations and hematomas. It includes pain, bruising, scratches and many other superficial wounds. Falls can result in development of fear of falling in the patients those results in self-imposed limitation of activities that in turn result in a cycle of decreasing functional ability. Ways by which falls can be prevented: Clinical evaluation and performance testing are very important to be done so that the risks of the patients of facing accidents due to fall in the future can be assessed. Therefore, those individuals who have been admitted in the hospitals due to falls or those who are vulnerable towards a fall in the healthcare centers should be tested with different fall assessment tools (Scniepp et al., 2014). For examples, if I get a patient who had already experienced a fall earlier can be evaluated to test his balance or gait issues with the basic assessment of Get-Up-and-Go Test. Here I would be testing the patient as he rises up from a standard armchair, walk 3meters in a straight line. He should be then instructed to turn, walk back to the chair and sitting back down. This would help me in detecting weakness in his lower extremity, his issues of imbalance while sitting or standing, and even unsteady gait. Similarly, other falls assessment tools would also help me identify the risks associate d with the patients. I will develop my intervention according to that only. Environmental alterations: Another strategy that I should implement in my nursing practice is the alterations of the environmental surrounding in ways that will reduce the risks of falls largely. Removing clutters on the way of walking, making the room bright, providing hand rails, bed rails and rails in the bathrooms, providing the patient with switches for alarm calls, arranging the patient bed in ways making it near to urinal, telephones and others would be helpful. Moreover, using shoes and slippers with non-skid soles would be also helpful. All these will reduce chances of falls in the patients (Aizenberg et al., 2015). Leadership and management: Effective communication skills is one of the most important leadership trait that every nurses need to follow for effective patience care and safety of patients. Proper communication skills help the nurses to communicate effectively with nurses, patients, family members and other healthcare professionals. This helps in building rapport, developing trust and building healthy relationships. Nurses with proper communication skills can engage in providing and receiving constructive feedback with their colleagues (Derzipp et al., 2016). This helps in solving different issues of the fellow workers and helps in achieving the organizational goals successfully. This also helps in assuring that the multidisciplinary teams will carry out collaborative work where proper coordination will help in ensuring safety and protection of the patients. Technical skills: Another important leadership skill that nurse leaders should be comfortable with is the technological knowledge that is very important in ensuring safe practice by the nursing subordinates, proper evaluation of their efforts, and assuring higher patient satisfaction. Every nurse should ensure that she or he could successfully provide efficient healthcare service with right technology utilization (Thomas, 2015). Some of the technologies that every nurse should be accustomed are the electronic health records, biometrics as well as clinical decision support also called CDS. By the year 2020, technologies will take up a large amount of the commonplace and therefore, the nurses should prepare and arm themselves with the right technical knowledge so that they can prepare the future nurses and train them to develop a technologically developed healthcare system. Reflection: I have noticed that I am introvert and do not have proper verbal communication skills. Therefore, my colleagues take me negatively as they believe me to be suffering from superiority complex. I have not been able to develop relationship with them that might affect patient safety in future. Effective communication skills help in developing rapport with colleagues where all healthcare members will be able to share effective feedback. Feedback sharing would help to develop nursing practice that has positive outcomes on patients health (Riley, 2015). It will help in developing a collaborative environment at work where effective organization, supervision, direction, delegation and effective coordination can be assured while treating patients among all the members. With effective communication skills, I would be able to help other members to be motivated and overcome burning out situations. Therefore, I will take up workshops in the community, admit to training sessions, or take up continu ous professional development courses. I will also read evidence based papers to overcome communication issues. Learning culture within the organization: An optimal workplace culture is considered by researchers to be central for nursing professionals as it helps them to experience valuable as well as relevant learning in the workplace. Working and learning is taken to be an integrated experience in the profession of nursing in healthcare. Learning in the workplace is valuable as it helps in supporting professionals in three aspects- development, scope as well as progression of nursing practice. Learning is also related with the regulatory requirements that are related to the nurses as the professional. Moreover, proper learning culture within the workplace also helps in supporting the implementation of evidence-based practices properly which in turn helps in developing patient outcomes (Newton et al., 2015). Two important outcomes can be noted which will ensure patient safety and satisfaction. A proper learning culture within the organization helps in demonstrating the accountability of the nurses own learning and helps them to under stand the organizational systems in proper ways that provide them with resources, adequate staffing and support. This also ensures encouragement and value of the nurses learning and educations. The second domain is relational dynamics. Proper learning culture ensures that nurses value their senior nurses, peers, mentors, educators, preceptors who facilitate and encourage their professional development. Proper learning also helps the nurses to engage not only with patients but also with members of the healthcare teams ensuring collaborative and coordinated practice (Billet, 2016). Strategies to ensure contributing to a learning culture within organization: I will take part in continuous professional developments at regular intervals. I will be able to develop my knowledge in handling the recent technologies that had been introduced in healthcare services. Using of such technologies will not only reduce stress of handling many activities manually but will also ensure safe practices for the patients resulting in positive outcomes. I will be able to identify my limitations and deficits. This would help me to improve my practices so that I can meet different current standards with the help of different evidence based practices. Training sessions with mentor: The next activity that I will take up is to participate in training sessions where I will work on my communication skills. I will discuss my communication issues with my mentor and follow his guidelines. I will be giving several tests at my training sessions under senior nurse who is the mentor so that my mentor can evaluate my performance. The better I develop my communication skills; I will be able to communicate effectively with peers and patients. This would ensure patient safety and will reduce the chances of miscommunication among healthcare members (Provost et al., 2015). As a result, patient satisfaction would be ensured. Professional practice: Role ambiguity can be defined as the lack of understanding of a nursing professional about his job responsibilities. Here, the individuals cannot understand what factors are expected from the individuals in terms of their job performance. In simple words, nurses remain unsure about what duties they are expected to do by their senior authorities (Provost et al., 2015). Effect on nurses: Nursing professionals who experience role ambiguity are seen to perform at lower levels in comparison to employees who have clear understandings of the requirements. Moreover job stress and jobs dissatisfaction are seen to have positive relationship with role ambiguity. The more the role ambiguity faced by nursing professionals; the more is the job dissatisfaction and job stress. They tend to be burned down often, which have negative impact on patient safety. Researchers are also of the opinion that team effectiveness decreases with the increase of role ambiguity among the professionals (Zhou et al., 2016). Admiring greenery, jogging: One of my favorite hobbies is admiring the greenery of parks, fields and lakes. Therefore, I will try to undertake extensive jogging sessions in the lush green parks that will not only help me to keep myself fit but will also release stress. Ongoing studies show that admiring greenery helps in overcoming stress and feeling happier (Yun-chen Shin-Che, 2018). Therefore, when I will be having morning shift, I will take strolls in the evening. Whenever I will be having evening shifts, I will be taking jogging session in the morning. Therefore, I will be physically fit and mentally happier and fresh (Choi et al., 2016). Spending time with children: Another initiative that I will be undertaking is spending time with the children in my community orphanage. Whenever, I will be getting off from my profession, I will visit the children and spend time with them. I like spending time with them as it releases stress and anxiety form my daily work pressures. Their innocence and mischief at the same time makes me happier and spending time with them acts as stress buster. 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